今日英语四级翻译题出炉！“改革开放”竟然被翻译成“from 1978”？！
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不少考生表示，这次考试让“改革开放”和“低糖低脂”难住了！不知各位U粉有没有成功hold住？
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看了上面的吐槽
你知道网友们口中的
“改革开放”和“低糖低脂”
到底如何用英文表达吗？
点击空白处查看参考答案
▼
改革开放：reform and opening up
低糖低脂：low fat and sugar
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你翻对了吗？？看完今年的翻译，我们再来感受下近几年四、六级真题中的神翻译吧！
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【参考译文】
The Chinese government has been boosting compulsoryeducation so that every child is entitled to education.
【解析】
“大力推行”可翻译为vigorously promote，也可只用一个语气很强的词“boost”，就不必添加副词vigorously（万一拼错，就出力不讨好了）。
“享有受教育机会”，很多考生会想到have the opportunity/chance to receive education，其实还有个更好的表达：every child has access to education，词组have access to意即“有机会/权利”；如改用形容词accessible，前后稍加调整，也同样出彩: ...education is accessible to every child。参考译文中的entitle（有权/有资格享有），就另辟蹊径，舍去人人爱用的opportunity，有效提升译文质量。
“义务教育”的英文，除了题目中给的“compulsory education”，还可译成obligatory education或compulsory schooling。因为关键词“义务教育”在文中多次出现，翻译时为避免单调重复，不妨灵活替换。
就整句话而言，除了参考译文中的…so that…结构，也可用不定式“to”引出后半句：…to ensure that all children have the opportunity to receive education.
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【参考译文】
Since the Law of Compulsory Education took effect in 1986, after relentlessefforts, Chinahasattained the goal of compulsory education throughout/across the country.
【解析】
通读整句话，我们发现原文缺少主语。无主句，在汉语中很常见：李白不写明谁的“床前明月光”；杜甫不交代是谁“一览众山小”；苏轼不明示何人“把酒问青天”。读者能从语境中心领神会，而译者在翻译时，需补上主语：China/the governmenthas fulfilled the objective/target of…，是国家或政府实现了目标。当然，也可将计就计，采用英文被动语态，就不必纠结主语是谁了：the goal of compulsory schooling in the whole country has been achieved/realized.
“法律生效了”，译法很多：The law has taken effect. The law has come into effect/force. The law has been enacted. The law has been put into effect.
“不懈努力”，令考生“不懈”地纠结良久：高大上的relentless与unremitting，不会拼写；妇孺皆知的never give up，又感觉太过平平无奇。那么，就选用constant / continuous / persistent吧。如果这三个词也不会写，阅卷老师就“不屑”给你分儿了。
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【参考译文】
With the improvement of living standards, more people begin to follow the trend of self-driving travel.
【解析】
一看到“水平”，很多考生就想到“level”，顺手把“生活水平”译成life level，不小心暴露了英语水平。其实英文中有多个词与“水平”对应，如：游泳水平swimming skill，英语水平English proficiency，领导水平art of leadership。这里的“生活水平”，除了living standard，也可译为quality of life或living quality。“随着”的标配似乎是with，其实用thanks to、owing to与due to也挺好。
“自驾游”可译为self-driving travel/tour，更地道的表达是road trip。“加入某行列”，英文中有个对应词组join the ranks，不过很多考生未必熟悉。那就换个角度，“加入某行列”算是效仿、跟风或追时尚，故可译为follow the trend、be after the fashion等短语。
整个句子结构也可大胆调整，把前面的“生活水平的提高”用作主语，即前者使后者成为可能：The improvement of living quality enables more people to join the ranks of self-driving tour.（生活水平的提高，使更多人加入自驾游行列。）
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【参考译文】
It is often said that agood start in spring determines what you achieve in the year.Farmers begin to plant/sowseedsat this time to lay the foundation for a year of plenty.
【解析】
汉语中常见“人们/大家/你我他”引导的人称主语句，而英文句式的一个亮点是——非人称主语句，如：Itsuddenly occurred to him（他突然想到）；A good ideastruck me（我想到一个好主意）；2021 witnessed the passingaway of Yuan Longping（袁隆平于2021年去世）…… 所以，“人们常说”往往译为Itis often said。当然，译成People often say也正确。
“一年之计在于春”暗示了在春天早做计划、做准备，对一年成功或丰收的重要性，即凡事预则立。该谚语可译成：A year's plan starts with spring./A spring day feeds the whole year./The whole year's work depends on a good start in spring./The work for the year is best begun in spring.
“打下基础”的表达也有多种，如set the foundation、establish the basis、set the stage等。“全年的丰收”对应的英文有a year of abundance、a good harvest in the year、a(n) abundant/bumper/plentiful harvest this year等等。
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【参考译文】
Long long ago, a farmer, who was dissatisfied with theslow growth of the seedlingshe had planted, went to the field to pull themup a bit one by one.
【解析】
原文有三个连续动作——“嫌……长得慢”“到地里”“拔高”，却没有使用连接词。英语与中文习惯不同，常用连接词和主从结构来表示多个动作。参考译文使用了who引导的从句，避免了过多的并列结构。
“从前有个农夫......”，可仿童话故事的常见开头：“Long long ago, there was a farmer who…”。“从前”的译法还有：in the long past、a long long time ago、once upon a time（电影版《三生三世十里桃花》的英文名字就是Once Upon a Time）。“嫌……”表不满意或失望，可选用的同义词有dissatisfied、displeased、disappointed、unhappy等；如果对否定前缀dis-与un-把握不好，就用小学生也认识的not吧，译成was not content/satisfied with。
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【参考译文】
Todaysome parents are soeager to see their childrensucceed thatthey follow the footsteps of that farmer, only tomake their childrensuffer untoldpainswithoutseeing theirchildren’s progress in academic studies.
【解析】
原汉语包含四个短句，英译文合并成一个长句，充分体现了“中文化整为零、英文化零为整”的特点。译文中标下划线的几个衔接词，一气呵成，把汉语短句间隐含的逻辑关系凸显出来。“家长急于让孩子成功”，为表现出“急切”，也可译为parents can’t wait to see their kids’ success。“往往步那个农夫的后尘”还可译为they will do like what the farmer did、they tend to follow the farmer’s foolish example、they are likely to repeat the tragedy/mistake of the farmer。“搞得孩子苦不堪言”也可译为make their kids’ lives miserable/painful。
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【参考译文】
The story tellsus that timely remedy of a problem canavoid/prevent further losses (, and it's never too late to mend).
【解析】
英译古代寓言故事，动词时态一般选用过去时，但“故事告诉我们”所揭示的是客观事实、日常道理，所以改用一般现在时tells。参考译文最后括号里面的it's never too late to mend属于增译，使寓意（moral）更清楚，语言更老到，并非蛇足之笔。当然，略去亦可。“故事告诉我们”译成The moral of the story is that…，更符合英文表述习惯。“及时补救”译成correcting/solving a problem in time也可以。再换个角度，整个寓意处理成被动语态，使道理更显客观：…further losses can be avoided/prevented if a problem is corrected/solved in time。
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【参考译文】
Karez represents the Chinese people's wisdom of living in harmony with nature, and it is a major contribution to the human civilization.
【解析】
英文句式沿用汉语的并列句。“体现”除了用represent，还可以从show、display、embody、demonstrate等词中选择。选自己有把握的，确保拼写正确，莫忘单数第三人称词尾加“s”。“与自然和谐共存的智慧”也可译成：…wisdom of living harmoniously with nature、…wisdom of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature、 …wisdom that people and nature co-exist in harmony.
在译“是对人类文明的一大贡献”时，如果不用并列句，而改成从句which is a great contribution to…，就可能给读者带来一定的理解困难，因为which前面有Karez、wisdom与nature等多个名词。“对人类文明的一大贡献”一句中，也可把“贡献”处理成动词，即and contributes significantly to the human civilization。
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【参考译文】
For more than 2000 years, Dujiangyan has been effective in flood control and irrigation, thus turning the Chengdu Plain into a fertile land that guarantees stable yields in spite of droughts and floods.
【解析】
译文将原文的并列句处理成主从结构——汉语多并列，英语多主从。如果词汇量足够大，“两千年”可译成two millenniums。看到“发挥……作用”，我们自然会想到play the role of…，故可以译成Dujiangyan has played an/the effective role of preventing flood and irrigating crops.
后半句的“旱涝保收的沃土”，可以理解成“土地肥沃，无论干旱还是洪涝都有好收成”，或“肥沃的土地不受干旱与洪涝的影响”，因此可译为a fertile land that ensures a good harvest regardless of drought and flood、a fertile land free from drought and flood；a rich land (which is) immune to drought and flood等。如果不会写immune to，那就选用unaffected by；如果不会写unaffected，还可用free from……总有一款适合你。
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【参考译文】
1. Longjingisrich in Vitamin Cand some other healthy elements. Drinking Longjing regularly helps ease tiredness anddelay aging.
2.As Longjingcontains rich Vitamin Cand many other health-promoting elements, regular consumption of it contributes to relieving fatigue anddelaying senility.
【解析】
译文1用词简单，句式直接沿用原文。译文2将原文两句合并成一句，因为从语义上看，“富含……元素”与“助于健康”关系较密切；汉语重意合，英语重形合，故前面加上as表原因，后面第二个“龙井”以it代替，避免重复。汉语中喜欢重复，而英语中不喜欢，如培根《论读书》（Of Studies）中的名句：Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 英文中只一个makes，而汉语译文则需要补全三个“使”：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确（王佐良译）。
“经常喝龙井”还可翻译为frequent/regular drinking，或if one drinks it regularly。翻译“有助于”时，如不屑于用help，可选用is conductive to或is beneficial to（注意这两个to都是介词，其后的动词莫忘加-ing）。“减轻”除了译成ease与relieve，可选用的还有lessen/lighten/allay/alleviate等词。
“延缓衰老”的英文也不只delay aging/ageing与defer senility，还可译为resist/retard aging或slow/postpone the aging process；如在护肤品包装上见过anti-aging（抗衰老）一词，可大胆借用，译成has anti-aging function。仍对“延缓衰老”一筹莫展时，不妨换个角度，译成prolong/lengthen life——“延缓衰老”不就是延长寿命嘛。正如生活中的标识语：“油漆未干”译成Wet paint（湿油漆）；“男士禁止入内”译成Women only（只女士可进），ban/forbid/prohibit表“禁止”的词都不必用，多省心省事。
吾生有涯而知无涯；考场时间有限，而译途无限！希望考生：在有限的时间里，译出无限精彩的文章。
今天的四级翻译盘点就到这里啦，最后小U祝每位今天参加考试的U粉都能取得好成绩！yyds——永远得胜✌️
此篇特别感谢济南大学外国语学院程瑞勇副教授提供解析、上海海事大学外国语学院王大伟教授提供部分参考译文。
特别推荐：王大伟、程瑞勇主编《大学英语四级考试真题全解+标准预测》
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【本期讨论】
你今年参加四、六级考试的感受？
你还见过哪些令人捧腹的奇葩翻译？
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点亮星标，精彩内容抢先看！还没给小U点亮星标的U粉们快点亮吧，每一颗小星星都会激励未来小U和大家分享更有趣、实用的英文知识哦～
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