admin 发表于 2024-9-23 06:04:28

可打印丨小学英语基础知识汇总大全,期末考一定用的到,建议收藏!

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第一部分 基础知识

1. 字母:26个字母的大小写

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

2. 音标:48个音标

3. 词汇:词汇量,近反义词

4. 句子:大小写,标点符号

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第二部分 语法知识

一、名词:名词单复数,名词的格

(一)名词单复数

1. 一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2. 以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4. 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5. 不规则名词复数:

man-men

woman-women,mouse-mice

policeman-policemen

policewoman-policewomen

child-children,foot-feet

tooth-teeth,fish-fish

people-people

Chinese-Chinese

Japanese-Japanese

不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(二)名词的格

1. 有生命的东西的名词所有格:

(1)单数后加 s ,如:Lucy s ruler my father s shirt

(2)以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ,如:his friends bags

(3)不以s 结尾的复数后加 s,如children s shoes

并列名词中,如果把 s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:

Tom and Mike s car.

汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加 s,

如:

Tom s and Mike s cars.

汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

2. 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:

a picture of the classroom a map of China.

二、冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类

(一)不定冠词:a / an

元音开头的可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(二)定冠词:the

定冠词的用法:

1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.

2. 复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

3. 谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

4. 在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.

5. 用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening

(三)不用冠词的情况:

1. 专有名词前:China is a big country.

2. 名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等,如:This is my baseball.

3. 复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

4. 在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

5. 一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

6. 球类、棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

7. 学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

8. 在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

9. 固定词组中:at noon at night by bus.

三、代词、形容词、副词

代词:人称代词,物主代词

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形容词,副词:比较级,最高级

(一) 形容词的比较级

1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。

比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

2. 形容词加er的规则:

(1)一般在词尾加er;

(2)以字母e 结尾,加r;

(3)以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er;

(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。

3. 不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

(二)副词的比较级

1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

(1)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

(2)副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)

四、数词:基数词、序数词

(一)基数词

1. 1-20

one,two,three,four,five

six,seven,eight,nine,ten

eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen

fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen

nineteen,twenty

2.21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four

45→forty—five,56→fifty-six

67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight

89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

3. 101-999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数

586→five hundred and eighty-six

803→eight hundred and three

4. 1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”。第一个“,”前为thousand;第二个“,”前为million;第三个“,”前为billion。

1,001→one thousand andone

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

(二)序数词

1.一般在基数词后加th

eg.four→fourth

thirteen→thirteenth

2.不规则变化

one→first,two→second

three→third,five→fifth

eight→eighth,nine→ninth

twelve—twelfth

3.以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

twenty→twentieth

forty→fortieth

ninety→ninetieth

4.从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词

twenty-first

two hundred and forty-fifth

(三)基数词转为序数词的口诀

基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。

一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。

八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。

ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。

若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

五、介词

常用介词:in,on,at,behind等

1. at:表示时间概念的某一个点(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)

at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)

在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

2. on

(1)表示具体日期

*注:

1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

at(on)the weekend在周末——特指

at(on)weekends在周末——泛指

over the weekend在整个周末

during the weekend在周末期间

2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?

(2)在(刚……)的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents.

一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

3. in:表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。

in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)

在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

六、动词:动词的四种时态

(一)一般现在时:

1. 一般现在时的构成:

(1)be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

(2)行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

2.动词+s的变化规则

(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(二)一般过去时:

动词过去式详解——动词的过去式的构成规则有:

1.规则动词

(1)一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如:worked , learned , cleaned , visited

(2)以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如:study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

(4)双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如:stopped

2. 不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:

sing – sang,eat – ate,see – saw

have – had,do – did,go – went

take – took,buy – bought,get – got

read – read,fly – flew,am/is – was

are – were,say – said,leave – left

swim – swam,tell – told,draw – drew

come – came,lose – lost,find – found

drink – drank,hurt – hurt,feel – felt

(三)一般将来时:

基本结构:

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天)= I will go swimming tomorrow

(四)现在进行时:am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解——动词的ing形式的构成规则:

1.一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating

2.以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having,writing

3. 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running,swimming,sitting,getting

朗读君提醒

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第三部分:句法

陈述句

1. 肯定句

是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

2. 否定句

含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

疑问句

1.一般疑问句

是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”或“no”来回答。

2. 特殊疑问句

以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。

此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。

There be句型

There be 句型与have, has的区别

1. There be句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

2. 在there be句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。

3. there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

4. there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

5. some和any在there be句型中的运用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。

6. and和or在there be句型中的运用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。

7. 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8. 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:

What’s + 介词短语?

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