英语四级七大翻译技巧！
No.1增词
在段落翻译时，为了能充分的表达中文的含义，汉译英时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
例如：感冒可以通过人的手传染。
译文为：Flu can be spread by hand contact.
其中的contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加上的。
No.2
减词
译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。
例如“百姓出现做饭点火难现象。”中的“现象”一词可以省略，只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。
No.3
词类转换
词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类，大部分可以直接转换使用，或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等) 即可转换为另一种词类。
例如：他的演讲给我们的印象很深。
译文：His speech impressed us deeply.
汉语句子中“印象”是名词，英语句子中则换成了动词。
No.4
语类转换
汉译英时，人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。
事实上，在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运用语态之间的转换。
例如：门锁好了。The door has been locked up.
这里就译出了门是被（人）锁好的意义。
No.5
语序变换
为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义，有时需要对原文的语序进行调整。
No.6
分译与合译
考生在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时，可以考虑分译，以使译文简洁，通俗易懂。
同时考生也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子合译成一句英文，可以用连接词来连接。
No.7
正反表达翻译
正反表达翻译可以分为两种情况：
1. 汉语从正面表达，英语从反面表达。
2.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达。
例如：他的演讲不充实。
译文为：His speech is pretty thin.
以上七种技巧看起来简单，要真正灵活运用还要多加练习，看看自己以往的翻译有哪些不足，有意识地运用这些技巧，考试时翻译部分so easy！
附：英语翻译经典句型
1. "may as well not…as"结构
此结构可译为"与其……不如不……"
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
一个人与其知道一件事的一部分，倒不如完全不知道。
2. "have only to…do"结构
此结构表示"只须(消)……就能……"的意思
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
我们只要看看爱迪生的那项非凡发现就能看出它的意义。
3. "not (no) …unless…"句型
此结构表示“除非...否则不”
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
除非安装一条新的装配线，否则产量不会增加。
4. "better…than…"句型
此结构表示“好过...、宁可...也不愿...”
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
宁可我的生命在他们的仇恨中结束，也不愿那可憎的生命因没有你的爱而延长。
5. "as it were"插入语
意思是"好象"，"可以说"
A piece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it, feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.
磁铁旁边的一块铁，虽然表面上是分开的，却仿佛能感觉到它们之间连接的线。
6. "not…any more than…"
"不能……，正如不能……"
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.
一个人不能仅仅通过阅读来学习形象地描绘和表达自己，正如一个人不能站在泳池边学习游泳一样。
7. "By that as it may"
是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是"虽然如此，尽管这样"。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.
据说，神经毒液是两种毒液中较原始的一种，而溶血性毒液则可以说是一种经过改良配方的新产品。尽管如此，神经毒液在人身上起作用比溶血性毒液快得多。
8. "if at all"
是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……"，"即使……"等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.
我（即使）能看到，就是有点艰难。
9. 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.
他们的面前展现出的是(思想)无垠的广阔(空间)与博大精深的科学,在我工作之初,其他人思考的方式方法都比我的更敏锐深刻,(他们)会探查到它最偏僻的角落.
10. "range from …to…"结构
这是一个常见结构表示“范围是从...到...”，翻译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.
计算机应用范围从完全由计算机运行的装配线到对远程信号作出反应的儿童玩具。
11. "the way…"结构，表示“...方式”
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.
我一直认为她是一个很有常识的人，她会用应该用的方式来讨论事情。
12. 复杂宾补结构
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.
近年来，灵敏和准确的测量设备的发展，使测量任何个体在不同频率的听力敏锐度成为可能。
13. "to be doing…when…"是一个句型，多译为"某人正在做……时，突然……"。
在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o clock, when a "very big, very tall man", accosted them and demanded their purses.
她说，那天晚上她和一个朋友出去吃晚饭，大约10点钟的时候正一起走在回家的路上，一个“非常高大的男人”向他们搭讪，要求他们拿出钱包。
14. "too…to"句型，表示“太...以至于...”
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.
于是我想起自己过去也常常对每天的美景漠然，而过于沉湎于琐碎、有时甚至卑鄙的琐事中，而对这一切的美景漠然。
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