初中英语——八大时态结构及用法详解(必考)
初中英语必考知识点八大时态结构及用法详解
时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容,学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。今天,老师给大家整理了期末英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解,希望能够给同学们和家长们带来帮助!
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英语八大时态:
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
1、一般现在时
标志:动词原形
情况
变形方式
读音
例词
一般情况
+s
清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音和元音后读/z/
swim-swims
Help-helps
Like-likes
辅音字母
+o结尾
+es
读/iz/
go-goes
Do-does
S/sh/ch/x
等结尾
+es
读/z/
watch-
wash-
辅音字母
+y结尾
变y为i+es
study-
特殊情况:
have和
be动词
变have为has
变have为am/is/are
have-has
Be-am/is/are
1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:
She often.
I leave home forat 7 .
2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:
He seems to feel a bit down today.
He works as a .
3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中:
lies in the east of China.
that the earth .
Where there is a will, there is a way.
4. 表示现在瞬间的动作:Here comes the bus!
5. 表示将来1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。
如:
The next trainat 3 o’clock this .
How often does thebus run?
2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情:
When Bill comes (不用will come), ask himto wait for me.
I shall go there I’m too busy.
2、一般过去时
标志:动词过去式
情况
变形方式
例词
一般情况
+ed
word-
不发音e结尾
+d
live-lived
辅音字母+y结尾
变y为i+ed
carry-
重读闭音节结尾且结尾有一个辅音字母
双写最后的辅音字母+ed
plan-
特殊情况
不规则
fly-flew
*闭音节:元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。
1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g. , this ,just now, aago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time,day,…, when …, in the past等)。
如:
Jim rang you just now.
Liu Ying was inlast year.
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常。如:
When I was a kid, I oftenin the .
She used to visit heronce aweek.
*注意区分sb.used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,此处to是动词不定式标志符号)和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to是介词)。
2. 代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词(如want, hope, , think, 等)及情态动词could,would。
如:
Iif you could have ame.
I hoped you could help me with .
Would you mind myhere?
4. 虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有:
It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了”
wouldsb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”
3、一般将来时
标志:will / shall + 动词原形
1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. , next week, in 等)。如:
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
Mywill come back in a .
2. 表示倾向性和习惯性:
Fish will diewater.
When it gets , the snowto melt.
3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:1)will / shall + 动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2) be going to + 动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事:
It is going to rain.
We are going to have atoday.
3) be to + 动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are totheon .
4) be about to + 动词原形表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:
The plane is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am about to make a closeon you.
4、现在进行时
标志:be + 动词的现在分词
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作:
She isa.
Who are youfor?
It ishard.
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行):
I hear Mr. Green is.
3. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与,, , 等频度副词连用。如:
John is sillya .
He is offirst.
4. 表示将来
1) 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come,leave, start, 等)。如:
Uncle Wang is .
They'refor .
2) 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如:
drop in when you aremyway.
If he is still , don’t wake him up.
5、过去进行时
标志:was / were + 动词的现在分词
1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有 , all day , fromto March last year等。如:
I wasa talk with Lucy at .
They wereTV at home .
2. 表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与,, , 等频度副词连用。如:
Mywas his keys.
3. 表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go,come, leave, start, 等)。如:
He said they werefor.
4. 过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生):
fellwhen she .
It waswhen they left .
6、现在完成时
标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如:
He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市)
hasthe . (结果:窗户破了)
2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。
I have been busy since last week.
He hasin ourfor .
I’vehalf so far.
注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如:
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
Hishasn’tbeer forweek.
3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词, often, every day等连用。如:
I have often heard that he is in that .
4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如:
I’ll go to your home when I have.
If it has in , we’llgo the park.
5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, , yet, , never, ever, 等,但常见的有:
1) since 自从
I have been there many times since .
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have beenever since.
2) in / for /the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Greathave take place inten years.
I have been here (for) the last/.
3) so far 到目前为止
We haven’t had anyso far.
So far thefor the -aged woman has been .
4) up to/until now 到现在为止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heardfrom him up .
Up till now we haveover 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/ … time that …这是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’vein .
It is thetime (that) I havetoday.
6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that …这是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。如:
I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影)
I saw this film . (我是昨天看的这部电影)
2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now,等),或者干脆没有时间状语;而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如, , …ago, in 1980, in 等)。
3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等);而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin,buy, die, marry等)。如:
He has lived insince last .
My the carago.
7. 易错点辨析
1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如:
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。
(√) He has been dead for two years.
(√) He died two years ago.
(×) The film has begun for 10 . 电影开演十分钟了。
(√) The film has been on for 10 .
(√) The film began 10ago.
(×) She hasfor three years. 她结婚有三年了。
(√) She has beenfor three years.
(√) SheMike three years ago.
2) 考生不懂如何区分have been to和have gone to,尽管两者均可后接地点,但have been to表示去过某地(现在已经回来了),have gone to表示到某地去了(现在还没回来)。如:
She has been to Paris (three times).
She has gone to Paris.
7、过去完成时
标志:had + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如:
By the end of last week he hadwork.
He had left when I .
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如:
We had not seen each other since I .
The film had been on for 5whenI got to the .
3. 某些表意向的动词(如, think, plan, , hope等)的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算。如:
I hadto visit you last night,but and I ’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come,didn’t.
4. (虚拟语气)在条件状体从句或wish / would 等后面的从句中,使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如:
The party ’t have beenif you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to theday.
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时
1) 基本区别:过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”,而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如:
Hethere two years ago.他两年前在那儿学习(离现在两年)
He said he hadthere two .他说他两年前在那儿学习过。(离他说话时两年)
2) 特别注意:两个动作如果按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或者用then, and, but等连词连接时,多用一般过去时。如:
When she saw the mouse, she .
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
8、去将来时
标志:would + 动词原形
1. 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:
He said he would come here next .
I knew that he would help us whenin .
2. 表示过去的动作习惯或倾向:
The old man would sit on a bench inpark for hoursdoing .
When Ion that farm, I would getup at 5 am.
3. 用于虚拟语气中:
If I were you, I would not do that.
If he were here, he would show us howto do it.
4. 过去将来时的其他形式1) was / were going to + 动词原形。如:
He told us that he was going to.
She said that I was going to be senther at the.
2) was / were to + 动词原形。如:
Thewas to be.
Li Lei was tosoon.
3) was / were about to + 动词原形。如:
We were about to leave there whento rainand .
He was about to have lunch whenrang.
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