中考英语必考的3大从句:宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句
http://kuailexuexi.net/data/attachment/forum/20240907/1725685544440_0.png中考英语必考的3大从句
ENGLISH
一、宾语从句:
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。
例如:
He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
他说长大后想当一名老师。
①宾语从句的连接词
宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
②宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)。
例如:Iwant to know if he can come tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否能来。
当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,例: She asked me who had helped him.她问我谁帮助了他。
③宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了
"主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”
A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。
例如:He tells me he studied English in England last year.
他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。
B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。
例如: He told me that he liked playing football.
他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。
C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时
例: He said the moon goes around the earth
他说月亮绕着地球转。
二、状语从句
1.时间状语从句
在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语从句的连接词:when(当....时候), while(当.....时候) as(当...时候),after(在...以后),before(在在.…...以前) as soon as(一…..就.….), since(自从....到现在),till/until(直到.オ....by the time(到.....的时候)
例如:
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
莫扎特四岁时开始创作音乐。
2.条件状语从句:
在一个句子中作条件状语的句子,
条件状语从句的连接词:if,unless(除非),as long as(只要)如:Ifit doesn't rain tomorrow , we will go hiking如果明天不下雨,我们将去远足。
注意:在时间和条件状语从句中,一定要符合“主将从现”原则。如上面例句,条件状语 If itdoesn't rain tomorrow用一般现在时,主句we will go hiking用一般将来时。
3.原因状语从句
在一个句子中作原因状语的句子,原因状语从句的连接词:because,since,as,nowthat例如:I didn't go to school yesterday because I was il.因为我生病了,所以昨天没去上学。
三、定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,whose引l导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语 )
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4)he man whose son is a doctor is our professor,那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
注意:代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing,none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every,any,all, some, no, little,few,much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;
f)当先行词为 物并作表语时,
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;
关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用Istill remember the day when Ifirstcame to the school.
2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason 后面。Please tell me the reason whyyou missed the plane.
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