初中升高中必看!初中英语知识点大全,初一到初三全都整理好了!
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当然了,除了熟记这一份秘籍,最好还是像我们很多学员,另外再搭配一个英语学习班,加深知识点的理解,效果也会更好!咱们阿卡索外教网,在师资、性价比、教材方面都很有优势,适合孩子长期高频学习,我先送给大家一节免费试听课,可以先通过试听课,感受一下外教授课效果:
句子成分及基本句型
首先,英语词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类:名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。名词可作主语、宾语,有时也可作定语。动词可用作谓语。
一、句子的成分
句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的,能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
在英文中句子成分包括:主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、表语(Predicative)、宾语(Object)(直接宾语、间接宾语)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
主、谓语是句子主体部分(在英语中,一般的句子都要有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。像定语和状语是句子的次要成分,接下来我们分别讲一讲句子的各个成分:
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主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象,也就是表达“是什么”或“是谁”。一般来说,是由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。
Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)
He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)
Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)
To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)
What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)
2、谓语
说明主语“是什么”“做什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。
His Parents are doctors. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)
She looks well.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)
We study hard.(实义动词作谓语)
We have finished reading the book. (助动词和实义动词一起作谓语)
He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语)
3、表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、副词、介词、形容词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来充当。它的位置在系动词后面。
You look younger than before.(形容词作表语)
I am a teacher.(名词作表语)
Everybody is here.(副词作表语)
They are at home now.(介词短语作表语)
My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语)
4、宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、不定式、代词或相当于名词的词、短语来充当,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)
She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)
We often help him.(代词作宾语)
He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)
We enjoy listening to the music.(动名词短语作宾语)
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5、宾语补足语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、副词、介词短语、形容词以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
They make her happy.(形容词)
I see her dance.(不定式)
We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)
Please let him in.(副词)
We heard her singing a song.(分词短语)
6、状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。
He did it carefully.(副词)
We often help him.(副词)
Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语作状语)
When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)
He sits there.(副词地点状语)
7、定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词又可以作主语,还可以作表语和宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
The black bike is mine. 主语部分(形容词作定语)
What is your name? 表语(代词作定语)
They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语)
The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语)
I have something to do.(不定式作定语)
二、简单句的五种基本句型
句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的,依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型。
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前面的句型相对简单,应该都好理解,到后面的句型稍复杂,如果实在难以理解,可以问问身边的同学或者老师,我更建议是求助于专业的英语老师,报个英语培训班,把学习过程中遇到的所有问题定期总结,及时问英语老师,针对性也会更强。
我家孩子学习英语就是用这种方法,遇到问题先记录下来,等上外教课的时候从外教那里得到正确的答案,也会加深她的记忆,我分享一节还不错的英语外教课,可以定制个性化课程,针对孩子的薄弱环节进行查缺补漏,我家孩子学了一段时间后,初中知识点已经掌握的很透彻,感兴趣的话可以先把免费课名额领取了,抽空带孩子去试听,看看效果如何。
A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)
注:能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类:动词,也就是说只有动词具有作谓语的“专利”,所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。
如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。
The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。
rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。
B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)
此句型是由三部分组成,主语、谓语、宾语。(想想看,该谓语动词应该是及物动词还是不及物动词)这三种成分在上面都已经讲过。
这里要对宾语作进一步的补充说明,大家知道,宾语主要是由名词和代词充当的,其实,作宾语常见的还有:动词不定式(to do )/ 动名词(doing )。
如:I love my country.
He helps me.
I like action movies.
I buy a book.
C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)
系动词是联系动词的简称,顾名思义,它是起到联系作用的动词,是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词:
一 be动词类: am、 is 、are 、was 、were
二 表示变化类:become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go
三 感官动词类: 眼(look )耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)
四 表示延续性的动词 :remain 、stay 、keep
如:Her brother is a driver.(is为be动词)
We feel happy.(feel为系动词,表示感到……)
It gets dark.天黑了。(get为系动词,表示变得)
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Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)
D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)
give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语,说得明白一点,双就是两个的意思。此句型的关键是记住哪些动词后面要接双宾语,因为并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接宾语的,只有少数的动词。
此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语:前一个宾语称为"间接宾语",多由代词或名词充当;后一个宾语称为"直接宾语",往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。(所有能带双宾语的动词含义的内核含有一个“给”字。
如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语) 他给汤姆一件礼物。
Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语) 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。
E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)
这个句型在有的语法书上又叫做主语+谓语+复合宾语,这里的复合宾语=宾语+宾语补足语,这里又新增加一个“东东”:宾语补足语。
说起宾语补足语来,我们先从初中你熟悉的三个句型说起 :
ask somebody to do something (邀请某人做某事)
tell somebody to do something (告诉某人做某事)
want somebody to do something (要求某人做某事)
如:They call her Mary.(宾补) 他们叫她Mary。
We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补) 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。
He always makes us laugh.(宾补) 他总使我们笑。
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以上,就是给各位准备的初中英语知识点大全,下面还贴心准备了随堂练习,可以结合上面所学知识,进行实测,看看究竟掌握了多少,不管掌握的程度如何,我都建议最好报个英语培训班辅助学习。
毕竟英语这一门科目是需要大量练习、不断理解巩固加深记忆的,想要学好英语,光是靠背英语知识点还不够,如有专业的英语老师帮忙拓展,那英语提升也会更快。这里真心推荐我家孩子上过,效果我非常满意的英语培训班,可以先带孩子去试听体验一节免费课,看看他们家的效果如何,免费领取链接:
练习
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基本句型练习:
1、判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构,如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么充当的宾语(名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等等)
She died in 2000.
He arrived yesterday.
The man disappeared in the street.
The boy is crying loudly.
She wanted some help
I like music.
Tom built a house last year.
I slept well last night.
Tom often swims in the river
I bought a computer in the street yesterday
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2、找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语,并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的
The weather gets hot in summer.
Kate was here yesterday.
She looks beautiful.
My father became a teacher in 1978.
We were very happy.
The flower smells good.
The soup tastes delicious.
You are right.
The children are asleep.
The chair is yours.
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3、判断下列句子是主谓+双宾语结构还是主谓+复合宾语,如果是主谓+复合宾语,请指出复合宾语是由什么充当的
Tom lent me a pencil.
I watch the boy playing foot ball.
LiLi noticed two dogs fight .
I looked at her flying a kite .
My good friend told me a story.
The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs.
Please hand me the paper .
Lu Yang told the little boy to go home.
He wanted you to go with him.
My parents leave me some money .
She asks me to help her .
Mother got me some tea .
Lucy leads me a pencil .
He showed me her photos .
LiLei found 100 yuan in the room.
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划分句子成分练习:
1、写出句子成分
基本句型你掌握了多少呢?如果看完知识点详解,还不懂的话,那真的需要恶补一下哦~我个人是比较推荐阿卡索外教网的,毕竟我家孩子就是他家上的英语课,挺不错的,对孩子体制内的应试考试和体制外的听说能力培养都有很大帮助。
下面是他们家的免费试听课链接,报课前一定要先领取一节外教一对一英语课体验一下,对孩子有没有帮助花25分钟上一节课就知道,反正免费的,我觉得不亏!免费领取:
划分句子成分练习:
1、写出句子成分
They are working on the farm now.
Seeing is believing
All of us like Kobe Bryant very much
She became a doctor in 1998
The book lying on the floor are mine
Suddenly it begins to rain
To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday
I always find her happy
2、挑出下列句中的宾语
My brother doesn't do his homework.
A B C D
People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
How many new words do you learn ?
A B C D
Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
A B C D
3、挑出下列句中的表语
The old man is feeling very tired.
A B C D
Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
The leaves have turned yellow.
A B C D
Soon They all become interested in the subject.
A B C D
She is the first to learn about it.
A B C D
4、挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
A B C D
He asks her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
She find it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
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5、挑出下列句中的状语
There is a big smile on her face.
A B C D
Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.
A B C D
With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
A B C D
6、划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语( )
Please tell us a story.
My father bought a new bike for me last week.
Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
Did he leave any message for me?
7、挑出下列句中的定语
They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
What is your given name?
On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
以上就是全部习题啦,不建议看着答案来做题目,毕竟这样容易造成每题都会错觉!一定要全部题目做完再去看答案,如果错的比较多,那确实应该好好恶补一下英语知识点,一般来说,这种英语知识点我更建议跟着专业的老师学习,毕竟他们已经总结好了一套方法。
直接学习他们总结好的方法难道不比自己学习更快吗?大多数孩子的英语还不错的主要原因,我觉得还是多亏了报的英语培训班,老师很专业负责把每一个知识点详细讲解,学生只要负责认真听课消化就行,纯真心分享咱们家的英语培训班,性价比高,效果好,不过报课前还是建议多试听对比几家,择优选择,我先放一节免费试听课:
另附时态专题的思维导图供大家学习:
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答案:
1、They(主语) are working(系表结构做谓语) on the farm(地点状语) now(时间状语).
Seeing(动词ing做主语)is(谓语) believing (宾语)
All of us(主语) like (谓语)Kobe Bryant (宾语)very much (程度副词状语)
She(主语) became(谓语) a doctor (宾语)in 1998 (时间状语)
The book(主语) lying on the floor(补语) are(谓语) mine (宾语)
Suddenly (状语)it(形式主语) began to rain (谓语)
To catch the train ,(目的状语)I(主语) got up (谓语)early yesterday (时间状语)
I(主语) always find(谓语) her (宾语)happy (状语)
2、① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D
3、①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B
4、① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B
5、① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D
6、① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
7、① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D
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