初中英语复习语法知识点-冠词
初中英语复习语法知识点-冠词冠词
冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”、“那”、“这些”、“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
不定冠词
We need an apple and a knife.
我们需要一个苹果和一把刀子。
1.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a[+]和an[+Q]两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
a boy, a university, a European country
u是元音字母，但发音是，是辅音。
an hour ，an honor ，an island
h是辅音字母，但它不发音，它的音标是是元音。
an elephant， an umbrella， an egg
2(1)不定冠词的用法
①泛指—类人或物。
eg. This is a pencil case.
②指不具体的某个人或物。
eg. I met an old man On my way home.
③用在序数词前,相当于another.
eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.
④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.
eg. They have music lessons twice a week.
必背!
give a lesson take a bath have a rest
教(一堂)课 洗(个)澡 休息
have a talk have a fever have a good time
听报告 发烧 过得愉快
have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip
散步 头疼 旅途愉快
a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo
(2)不定冠词的位置
①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。
eg, a bike, an egg
②当名词被such, what, many修饰时，不定冠词放在这些词之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is!
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
③当名词前的形容词前有so, how, too等词时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is!
④当名词前面有形容词和quite, rather, very时，不定冠词放在quite, rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story.
II.定冠词的用法
(1)定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。
eg：I have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy’s name is Mark. The girl’s name is Penny.
(2)特指某(些)人或物。
eg：The girl in a red dress comes from America.
(3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。
eg： My shoes are under the bed.
Please open the window.
(4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前，及形容词only， very， same等前面：
Eg: That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。
Tom is the taller of the two boys.
He is the only person who didn't pass the exam.
他是一个没通过考试的人。
(5)用在序数词前。
eg Monday is the second day of a week.
Where do you live?I live on the second floor.
(6)用在世界上的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。
eg The moon moves round the earth.
(7)用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。
therich(富人),the poor(穷人),the deaf(聋人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(伤员)
(8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。
eg. The Greens are having dinner at home.
(9)用在乐器前。(但中国民族乐器前不用冠词，play Erhu拉二胡)
eg. play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.
(10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。
eg. In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.
I think he is in the thirties.
(11)用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面。
the Yangzi River 长江
the North China Plain 华北平原
the Rocky Mountains 洛矶山脉
the Black Sea 黑海
(12)用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前面。
the Beijing Railway Station 北京站
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United Nations 联合国
(13)含有定冠词the的词组。
in the morning (afternoon ,evening )在上午(下午、晚上)
on the right 在左边
by the way 顺便说一下
go to the cinema (theatre ,concert…)去看电影(看戏、听音乐会……)
in the front of 在前部
in the front of 在中间
at (in) the beginning 开始
in the end 终于
in the daytime 白天
on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面……;另一方面
注意：
表示某一类人或事物时，以下三种方法都可以。如：
The horse is a useful animal.(用定冠词)
A horse is a useful animal.(用不定冠词)
Horses are useful animals.(用复数)
马是一种有用的动物。
III.不用冠词的情况：
(1)名词前有指示代词this, that, these, those时不用冠词。
eg. That girl is my friend.
(2)名词前有物主代词my, your, his her, their等时不用冠词。
eg. Lucy is her sister.
(3)名词前有whose, which, any, each, every等代词时不用冠词。
eg. Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.
(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg. Those young men are teachers, not students.
(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。
eg. Snow is white.
(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。
eg.Does she like music?
(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。
eg.play basketball/soccer/chess
(8)在三餐前不用冠词。
eg. have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg.Tina, China, Tiananmen Square, New Year’s Day, Tuesday, January National Day 国庆节
注意
在民间节日，即以Festival 组成的节日名称前要加the 。
如：the Spring festival 春节
(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
(11)家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一人担任的职务的名词前不用冠词。
注意
此时要用大写Mother
Father is at home, but Mother isn't.
此时要用大写Mother
爸爸在家，妈妈不在家。
We'll make you monitor.
我们会让你当上班长的。
Sir, may you answer me a question?
先生，您能回答我一个问题吗?
My favorite is English.
(12)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。
eg.at noon, at work, at home, by bus, by air, on foot, from morning till night, at night, go to school, go to bed, at last
4.在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。
in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在医院)
in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)
at table(吃饭,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)
in front of(在某个范围之外的前面);in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)
go to college(上大学);go to the college(去那所大学)
take place(发生);take the place(代替)
IV、冠词基本用法
【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a， an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
【妙语诠释】 冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。
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