初中《道德与法治》教学中学生法治观念培养的策略研究.pdf

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I摘要《义务教育道德与法治课程标准(2022年版)》把法治观念确定为义务教育道德与法治课程五大核心素养之一，凸显法治观念在义务教育阶段《道德与法治》教学中的重要性。初中阶段既是小学阶段的延续又是高中阶段的衔接，这个阶段的学生有着独特的性格特点，情绪波动性大，易感情用事，但可塑性强，正处在人生的“拔节孕穗”期。这一时期加强初中生法治观念的培养，不仅是引导初中生树立尊法守法的基本观念，促进其身心健康发展的内在需要，而且是落实新课程标准，培养初中生法治观念核心素养的现实需要。本论文以《青少年法治教育大纲》和新课程标准为基本遵循，通过对师生的问卷调查和实际访谈，了解初中《道德与法治》教学中学生法治观念培养的现状，并对存在的问题进行剖析，最终以提升初中《道德与法治》教学中学生法治观念培养的实效性为目的，提出切实有效的解决策略。论文正文分三部分展开论述:第一部分：初中《道德与法治》教学中学生法治观念培养的相关理论概述。本部分在对法治观念和初中生法治观念内涵进行界定的基础上，从国家发展战略、学科核心素养和学生身心发展角度阐述了初中生法治观念培养的重要意义，并结合新课标对初中生法治观念培养的目标与内容进行了梳理。

第二部分：初中《道德与法治》教学中学生法治观念培养的现状研究。本部分通过对师生的问卷调查和实际访谈，针对初中生法治观念培养过程中存在的问题进行了分析，比如：对法治观念培养的重要性认识不足，针对法治内容的教学方式单一，法治内容的教学存在知行脱节现象，法治观念培养成效的评价机制缺失。在发现问题的基础上，深入剖析了问题产生的原因，如应试教育思维的影响，教师法治素养的欠缺，学校对法治教育的重视不够。通过对存在问题和成因的实证研究，为相应策略研究做好铺垫。第三部分：初中《道德与法治》教学中学生法治观念培养的策略研究。本部分针对初中生法治观念培养中存在的问题，主要从转变教师的教学观念、加强教学研究、改变学生的学习方式和提供条件保障，优化学校法治观念培养环境的角度着手，采取一系列措施，比如：在教师观念转变上要求树立“以生为本”的教育理念，形成核心素养导向的教学观念；在教学研究上要求依据新课标制定教学II目标，整合课内外法治教学资源，采用多样化的教学方式，完善法治教学评价体系；在改变学生的学习方式上要求端正法治知识的学习态度，养成良好的法治学习习惯，践行正向的法治价值观念；在提供条件保障，优化学校法治培养环境上要求建设高素质的教师队伍和营造尊法、守法的校园文化环境。

从而发挥教师、学生和学校的合力作用，共同推动初中生良好法治观念的形成。关键词：初中道德与法治教学；法治观念；策略IIIAbstractTheMoralityandRuleofLawCurriculumstandardsforCompulsoryEducation(2022Edition)definestheconceptofruleoflawasoneofthefivecoreliteracyofmoralandruleoflawcurriculumforcompulsoryeducation,highlightingtheimportanceofcultivatingtheconceptofruleoflawinmoralandruleoflawteachingforcompulsoryeducation.Juniorhighschoolteachingisboththecontinuationofprimaryschoolteachingandtheconnectionofseniorhighschoolteaching.Studentsinjuniorhighschoolhaveuniquecharacteristics,highemotionalvolatility,easytobeemotional,butwithstrongplasticity.Theyareinthelifeofthe"jointing-bootingstage",thisstagetostrengthenthecultivationofstudents'conceptofruleoflaw,notonlycanguidestudentstoestablishthebasicconceptofabidingbythelaw,Itcanpromotethehealthydevelopmentofbothbodyandmind,andimplementthenewcurriculumstandardsinjuniorhighschooltocultivatethecoreliteracyofstudents.Inthispaper,"OutlinefortheEducationoftheRuleofLawforYouth"andthenewcurriculumstandardsarebasicallyfollowed.Throughquestionnairesandinterviewswithteachersandstudents,thispaperunderstandsthecurrentsituationofthecultivationofstudents'legalconceptintheteachingof"MoralityandtheRuleofLaw"injuniorhighschool,andanalyzestheexistingproblems.Finally,itaimstoimprovetheeffectivenessofthecultivationofstudents'legalconceptinit.Putforwardpracticalandeffectivesolutions.Thepaperisdividedintothreeparts:Thefirstpart：Provideanoverviewoftherelevanttheoriesoncultivatingstudents'legalconcepts.Basedonthedefinitionoftheconceptofruleoflawamongjuniorhighschoolstudents,thissection elaborates on the important significance ofcultivating students' rule of law concepts in junior high school from the perspectivesof national development strategy, subject core literacy, and physical and mentaldevelopment of junior high school students, as well as the goals and contents ofcultivating students' rule of law concepts.The second part: Research on the current situation of cultivating students'concept of rule of law . This section sorts out the problems that exist in the process ofIVcultivating students' rule of law concepts through questionnaire and communicationsbetween teachers and students. For example, teachers have insufficient understandingof the importance of cultivating rule of law concepts, the teaching methods are single,has a disconnect between knowledge and action in the teaching , and has a lack ofevaluation mechanism for the effectiveness of rule of law concept cultivation.Throughdiscover the problems,and deeply analyzed, such as the influence of exam orientededucation thinking, the lack of legal literacy among teachers, and the insufficientemphasis on legal education in schools. By conducting the problems and causes, itlays the groundwork for corresponding strategic research.The third part: Research on the Strategies of Students' rule of law conceptsCultivation. Aims at the problems existing in the cultivation of students' legal concept ,this part mainly from the perspectives of transforming teachers' teaching concept,strengthening teaching research, changing students' learning mode and improving theschool security mechanism to analysis, and adopts a series of measures, such asestablishing the "student-oriented" educational concept in the transformation ofteachers' concept. To form the core literacy oriented teaching concept; the classroomteaching according to the new curriculum standard, integrate legal educationresources, adopt diversified teaching methods, and improve the legal teachingevaluation system.In changing students' learning methods, it is required to have acorrect attitude towards learning about the rule of law, cultivate good habits oflearning it, and practice positive values of it; In terms of school security mechanisms,